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glossa ordinaria
The ''Glossa Ordinaria'' (plural ''Glossae Ordinariae''), which is Latin for "ordinary gloss", was a collection of Biblical glosses, from the Church Fathers and thereafter, printed in the margins of the Vulgate; these were widely used in the education system of Christendom in Cathedral schools from the Carolingian period onward, and were only forgotten in the 14th century. For many generations, the ''Glossa ordinaria'' was the standard commentary on the Scriptures in Western Europe; it greatly influenced Western Christian theology and culture. As professors read and expounded upon the Bible they would refer to these glosses, or commentaries; they also referred to them in the ordinary lecture.
A very widely used version of the ''Glossa ordinaria'' was compiled by the school of Laon and originated in the early twelfth century, with Anselm of Laon often credited with involvement in the project;〔Lindberg, David. (1978) Science in the Middle Ages. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.〕 it drew from earlier glosses and other sources. Before the 20th century, this ''Glossa ordinaria'' was credited to Walafrid Strabo.〔The misattribution was first shown by Beryl Smalley, ''The Study of the Bible in the Middle Ages'' (Oxford, 1941).〕
The ''Patrologia Latina'', volumes 113 and 114, contain a version of the ''glossa'' which, as well as being misattributed to Strabo, represents a later manuscript tradition.〔(Glossa ordinaria ).〕 There is currently available a facsimile of the first printed edition of a ''glossa'', which was published at Strasbourg in 1480/1.〔''Biblia latina cum glossa ordinaria: Facsimile reprint of the Editio Princeps'', (Adolph Rusch of Strassburg 1480/81), 4 vols., with an intro. by Karlfried Froehlich and Margaret T. Gibson (Turnhout: Brepols, 1992).〕 There is currently increased interest in the 'glossa', and a few partial modern critical editions and translations have now been published.〔See references in 'Further Reading'.〕
== Other works ==
It is a parallel tradition to the Jewish Mikraot Gedolot.
Many important works would also have their own ''glossa ordinaria,'' such as that of Accursius for Justinian's ''Corpus'' or that of Johannes Teutonicus Zemeke and Bartholomew of Brescia of Gratian.〔Baldwin, John W., ''The Scholastic Culture of the Middle Ages, 1000-1300, pp. 72-73 ISBN 0-88133-942-3〕
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